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Cavitation in hydraulic systems is a significant issue that can lead to devastating damage to pumps and other components. It occurs when the pressure in the hydraulic fluid drops below its vapor pressure, causing bubbles to form. When these bubbles collapse, they create shock waves that can erode metal surfaces, leading to inefficiencies and potential system failure. Understanding and solving cavitation problems in precision hydraulic circuits is crucial for maintaining system performance and longevity.
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Understanding Cavitation

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Cavitation occurs when local pressures in the liquid fall below the vapor pressure, resulting in the formation of vapor cavities or bubbles. These bubbles can be generated due to various factors, including high flow rates, obstructions in the flow path, or inappropriate pump selection. When the bubbles collapse, they can cause pitting and erosion of the pump impeller and other components, ultimately leading to mechanical failure.
Identifying Cavitation Symptoms
It is essential to recognize the symptoms of cavitation early to mitigate further damage. Common indicators include:
Unusual noise, often described as a “gravel” or “marbles” sound from the pump
Fluctuating pressure readings
Decreased system efficiency and performance
Excessive vibration
Increased operating temperatures
Strategies to Prevent and Resolve Cavitation